01. Mātau ki te huarahi kawe waka
"He mea tika kia mārama ki te ara kawe waka moana." Hei tauira, ki ngā tauranga o Ūropi, ahakoa he rerekētanga te nuinga o ngā kamupene kaipuke i waenga i ngā tauranga taketake me ngā tauranga kore-taketake, ko te rerekētanga o ngā utu utanga kei waenganui i te 100-200 tāra US pea. Heoi, ka rerekē te wehenga o ngā kamupene kaipuke rerekē. Mā te mōhio ki te wehenga o ngā kamupene rerekē ka taea te tiki i te utu utanga o te tauranga taketake mā te whiriwhiri i tētahi kamupene kawe.
Hei tauira anō, e rua ngā momo kawe waka mō ngā tauranga i te takutai rāwhiti o te Hononga o Amerika: te ara wai katoa me te piriti whenua, ā, he rau tāra te rerekētanga utu i waenga i ngā mea e rua. Mēnā kāore koe e tutuki i te wātaka tuku, ka taea e koe te pātai atu ki te kamupene tuku mō te tikanga ara wai katoa.
02. Whakamaheretia marietia te haerenga tuatahi mō te kawe waka
He rerekē ngā utu mō ngā kaipupuri utanga i te tuawhenua ki te whiriwhiri i ngā momo tikanga kawe uta. "I te nuinga o te wā, ko te utu kawe tereina te mea iti rawa te utu, engari he uaua ngā tikanga tuku me te kohi, ā, he pai mō ngā ota he nui te rahinga me te wā tuku poto. Ko te kawe taraka te mea māmā rawa, he tere te wā, ā, he paku nui ake te utu i te kawe tereina." "Ko te mea tino utu nui Ko te huarahi pai ko te uta tika i te ipu ki te wheketere, ki te whare putunga rānei, he mea e tika ana mō ngā taonga pakarukaru kāore e pai mō te uta me te tango maha. I te nuinga o te wā, he pai ake kia kaua e whakamahia tēnei tikanga."
I raro i te tikanga FOB, ka uru atu hoki te whakaritenga kawe tuatahi i mua i te tuku. He maha ngā tāngata kua pāngia e tēnei wheako kino: i raro i ngā tikanga FOB, he tino pōhēhē ngā utu o mua i te tuku, ā, kāore he ture. Nā te mea koia te kamupene kaipuke kua tohua e te kaihoko mō te haerenga tuarua, kāore he kōwhiringa a te kaituku.
He rerekē ngā whakamārama a ngā kamupene kaipuke mō tēnei. Ko ētahi e hiahia ana kia utua e te rangatira ngā whakapaunga katoa i mua i te tukunga: te utu tākai, te utu tauranga, te utu wakatō; ko ētahi me utu noa i te utu wakatō mai i te whare putunga ki te tauranga; ko ētahi e hiahia ana kia rerekē ngā utu tāpiri mō te utu wakatō e ai ki te wāhi o te whare putunga. He maha ngā wā ka nui ake tēnei utu i te tahua mō ngā utu utanga ina whakahuahia i taua wā.
Ko te otinga he whakaū ki te kaihoko te tīmatanga o ngā utu a ngā taha e rua i raro i ngā tikanga FOB. Ko te tikanga ka tohe te kaituku kua mutu te kawenga mō te tuku i ngā taonga ki te whare putunga. Mō te utu tō mai i te whare putunga ki te taunga, ko te utu taunga, me ērā atu mea katoa kei roto i te utu uta moana o te haerenga tuarua, ā, ka utua e te kaiwhiwhi.
Nō reira, tuatahi, i te whiriwhiringa mō te ota, ngana ki te whakarite i tētahi whakaaetanga i runga i ngā tikanga CIF, kia waiho ai te kaupapa o te whakaritenga kawe i roto i ō ringaringa; tuarua, mēnā he tikanga FOB te whakaritenga, ka whakapā atu ia ki te kamupene kawe i tohua e te kaihoko i mua, ka whakaū i ngā utu katoa mā te tuhituhi. Ko te take o tēnei, tuatahi, kia kore ai e nui ake te utu a te kamupene kawe i muri i te tukunga o ngā taonga; tuarua, mēnā he mea tino whakarihariha kei waenganui, ka whiriwhiri anō ia me te kaihoko, ka tono kia whakawhitihia te kamupene kawe, kia tono rānei ki te kaihoko kia utu i ētahi utu kaupapa.
03. Mahi tahi pai me te kamupene kawe waka
Ko te nuinga o ngā utanga he penapena i ngā utunga, ā, he mea nui kia mārama ki te tukanga whakahaere a te kamupene kawe. Mēnā ka whakarite rātou kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga a te kaituku, ka mahi tahi ngā taha e rua me te kore e manukanuka, ā, ka taea hoki te penapena i ētahi whakapaunga koretake, engari ka taea hoki te tuku wawe i ngā taonga. Nō reira, he aha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ēnei whakaritenga?
Tuatahi, ko te tumanako ka taea e te kaituku te tuhi i te wāhi i mua, me te whakarite i ngā taonga i te wā tika. Kaua e hohoro te tuku ota i te kotahi, i ngā rā e rua rānei i mua i te rā kati o te kaupapa tuku, ā, me whakamōhio atu ki te kamupene kawe i muri i te tukunga o ngā taonga ki te whare putunga, ki te tauranga rānei māu ake. E mōhio ana ngā kaituku taonga mātau ki ā rātou tikanga whakahaere, engari kāore i te nuinga o te wā. I whakaurua e ia ko te kaupapa whānui o te kaipuke he kotahi i te wiki, ā, me tuhi e te rangatira o ngā utanga te wāhi i mua, ka tomo ki te whare putunga i runga i te wā i whakaritea e te kamupene kawe. Kāore i te pai te tuku wawe rawa, te tuku roa rawa rānei i ngā taonga. Nā te mea kāore i te wā tika te rā kati o te kaipuke o mua, ki te whakaroahia ki te kaipuke e whai ake nei, ka utua he utu rokiroki kua roa.
Tuarua, ko te pai o te whakapuakitanga a te tikanga, he mea e pā tika ana ki te take utu. He tino kitea tēnei i te tauranga o Shenzhen. Hei tauira, ki te tukuna ngā taonga ki Hong Kong mā te tauranga whenua pērā i a Man Kam To, Huanggang Port rānei hei hopu i te wā tuku tuarua, ki te kore e paahitia te whakaaetanga tikanga i te rā o te whakapuakitanga a te tikanga, ko te kamupene tō taraka anake ka utu i te 3,000 tāra Hong Kong. Mena ko te wakatō te rā kati mō te hopu i te kaipuke tuarua mai i Hong Kong, ā, ki te kore e eke ki te wā tuku nā te whakaroa o te whakapuakitanga a te tikanga, ka nui rawa te utu rokiroki kua roa i te taunga o Hong Kong mena ka tukuna ki te tauranga i te rā e whai ake nei hei hopu i te kaipuke e whai ake nei.
Tuatoru, me whakarerekē ngā tuhinga whakapuakitanga a te tari tāke i muri i te panonitanga o te āhua o te tākai. He tirotiro ā-tau a ia tari tāke i ngā taonga. Mena ka kitea e te tari tāke he rerekē te rahinga tuturu ki te rahinga kua whakapuakina, ka puritia ngā taonga kia tirotirohia. Ehara i te mea ko ngā utu tirotiro me ngā utu rokiroki i runga i te tauranga anake, engari ko ngā whiu i whakatakotoria e te tari tāke ka tino whakapouri i a koe mō te wā roa.
04. Kōwhiria tika te kamupene kaipuke me te kaikawe utanga
Kua tau mai ngā kamupene kaipuke rongonui o te ao ki Haina, ā, kua whai tari ngā tauranga nui katoa. He pono, he maha ngā painga o te mahi pakihi me ēnei kaipupuri kaipuke: he kaha tō rātou kaha, he tino pai ā rātou ratonga, ā, he paerewa ā rātou mahi. Heoi, ki te mea ehara koe i te kaipupuri utanga nui, ā, kāore e taea e koe te tiki utu utanga pai mai i a rātou, he pai ake te kimi i ētahi kaipupuri kaipuke rahi-waenga, i ngā kaituku utanga rānei.
Mō ngā kaipupuri utanga iti me te rahi, he tino nui rawa te utu mō ngā kaipupuri kaipuke nui. Ahakoa he iti ake te utu mō te kaipuke uta iti rawa, he uaua ki te kī taurangi i te ratonga nā te mea kāore i te rawaka tōna kaha. Hei tāpiri, kāore i te maha ngā tari i te tuawhenua o te kamupene kaipuke nui, nō reira i whiriwhiria e ia ētahi kaipuke uta rahi-rahi. Tuatahi, he tika te utu, tuarua, he iti ake te mahi tahi i muri i te mahi tahi mō te wā roa.
I muri i te mahi tahi me ēnei kaikawe uta waenga mō te wā roa, ka taea e koe te whiwhi utanga tino iti. Ka whakamōhio pono ētahi kaikawe uta i te utu turanga, me te iti o te hua, hei utu hoko ki te kaikawe. I roto i te mākete kaipuke, he rerekē ngā painga o ngā kamupene kaipuke, o ngā kaikawe uta rānei, i runga i ngā huarahi rerekē. Kimihia he kamupene he painga ki te whakahaere i tētahi huarahi, ehara i te mea ka tata ake te wātaka kaipuke, engari ko ā rātou utu utanga te mea iti rawa i te mākete.
Nō reira, e taunakihia ana kia whakarōpūhia e koe kia rite ki tō ake mākete kaweake. Hei tauira, ko ngā taonga e kaweake ana ki te Hononga o Amerika ka tukuna ki tētahi kamupene, ā, ko ngā taonga e kaweake ana ki Ūropi ka tukuna ki tētahi atu kamupene. Hei mahi i tēnei, me mārama koe ki te mākete kaipuke.
05. Ako ki te whiriwhiri utu me ngā kamupene kaipuke
Ahakoa te utu utanga teitei rawa atu a te kamupene e tukuna ana e te kamupene kaipuke, e ngā kaimahi pakihi rānei a te kaituku utanga ina tono taonga ana, ko te nui o te hekenga ka taea e koe te whiwhi i runga i te utu utanga ka whakawhirinaki ki tō kaha ki te whakarite utu.
I te nuinga o te wā, i mua i te whakaae ki te utu utanga a te kamupene, ka taea e koe te uiui ki ētahi kamupene kia mārama ai koe ki ngā āhuatanga matua o te mākete. Ko te hekenga ka taea te whiwhi mai i te kaituku utanga he tata ki te 50 tāra US. Mai i te pire utanga i tukuna e te kaituku utanga, ka taea e tātou te mōhio ko tēhea kamupene i whakatauhia e ia. I te wā e whai ake nei, ka kitea e ia taua kamupene, ā, ka whiwhi i te utu utanga tika.
Ko ngā pūkenga o te whiriwhiri tahi me te kamupene kaipuke ko:
1. Mena he kaihoko nui koe, ka taea e koe te haina tika i tētahi kirimana ki a ia me te tono mō ngā utu utanga pai ake.
2. Kimihia ngā utu utanga rerekē e whiwhihia ana mā te whakapuaki i ngā ingoa utanga rerekē. He rerekē te utu a te nuinga o ngā kamupene kaipuke mō ngā taonga. He rerekē ngā tikanga whakarōpūtanga o ētahi taonga. Hei tauira, ka taea te ripoata i te waikawa citric hei kai, nā te mea he rauemi mata mō te hanga inu, ā, ka taea hoki te ripoata hei rauemi mata matū. Ko te rerekētanga utu utanga i waenga i ēnei momo taonga e rua ka eke ki te 200 tāra US.
3. Ki te kore koe e tere, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i tētahi kaipuke puhoi, i tētahi kaipuke kore-tika rānei. Ko te tikanga, me whai whakaaro tēnei kia kaua e pā ki te taenga mai i te wā tika. Ka rerekē te utu utanga i roto i te mākete utanga moana i ia wā, i ia wā, he pai ake kia whai kōrero koe mō tēnei mea. He iti noa ngā kaihoko ka whai wāhi ki te whakamōhio atu ki a koe mō te whakahekenga utanga. Ko te tikanga, kāore rātou e kore ki te kōrero atu ki a koe mō te wā e piki ake ai ngā utu kaipuke. Hei tāpiri, i roto i ngā kaimahi pakihi e mōhio ana koe, me aro atu hoki koe ki te "mōhiotanga" o te taha kē atu e pā ana ki ngā utu utanga.
06. Ngā Pūkenga mō te whakahaere i ngā taonga LCL
He tino uaua ake te tukanga kawe o te LCL i tō te FCL, ā, he ngāwari te utu. He maha ngā kamupene kaipuke e mahi ana i te FCL, ā, ka mārama te utu i roto i te mākete kaipuke. He pono, he utu mākete tuwhera anō hoki tā te LCL, engari he rerekē rawa ngā utu tāpiri a ngā kamupene kawe, nō reira ko te utu utanga kei runga i te rārangi utu o te kamupene kawe ka noho hei wāhanga noa iho o te utu whakamutunga.
Ko te mea tika, tuatahi, me whakaū ā-tuhi ngā utu katoa mō ngā taonga kia kitea ai mēnā he utu kotahi tā rātou, kia kore ai e taea e te kaikawe te mahi i muri mai. Tuarua, me tatau mārama te taumaha me te rahi o ngā taonga kia kore ai e taea e rātou te whakarerekē.
Ahakoa he iti ake ngā utu e tukuna ana e ētahi kamupene kawe waka, he maha tonu ngā wā ka whakanuia e rātou te utu mā te whakanui rawa i ngā utu taumaha, rahi rānei. Tuatoru, ko te kimi i tētahi kamupene e tohunga ana ki te LCL. Ka huihui tika tēnei momo kamupene i ngā ipu, ā, he iti ake te utu utanga me ngā utu tāpiri e utua ana e rātou i ērā o ngā kamupene takawaenga.
Ahakoa te wā, ehara i te mea ngāwari te whiwhi i ia pene. Ko tāku tumanako ka taea e te katoa te penapena ake i runga i te kawe waka, me te whakapiki ake i ngā hua.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-07-2023
